std::execution::sequenced_policy, std::execution::parallel_policy, std::execution::parallel_unsequenced_policy, std::execution::

During the execution of a parallel algorithm with any of these execution policies, if the invocation of an element access function exits via an uncaught exception, std::terminate

Notes

When using parallel execution policy, it is the programmer's responsibility to avoid data races and deadlocks:

int a[] = {0, 1};
std::vector<int> v;
std::for_each(std::execution::par, std::begin(a), std::end(a), [&](int i)
{
    v.push_back(i * 2 + 1); // Error: data race
});

std::atomic<int> x {0};
int a[] = {1, 2};
std::for_each(std::execution::par, std::begin(a), std::end(a), [&](int)
{
    x.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
    while (x.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 1) { } // Error: assumes execution order
});

int x = 0;
std::mutex m;
int a[] = {1, 2};
std::for_each(std::execution::par, std::begin(a), std::end(a), [&](int)
{
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m);
    ++x; // correct
});

Unsequenced execution policies are the only case where function calls are unsequenced with respect to each other, meaning they can be interleaved. In all other situations in C++, they are indeterminately-sequenced (cannot interleave). Because of that, users are not allowed to allocate or deallocate memory, acquire mutexes, use non-lockfree std::atomic specializations, or, in general, perform any vectorization-unsafe operations when using these policies (vectorization-unsafe functions are the ones that synchronize-with another function, e.g. std::mutex::unlock synchronizes-with the next std::mutex::lock

int x = 0;
std::mutex m;
int a[] = {1, 2};
std::for_each(std::execution::par_unseq, std::begin(a), std::end(a), [&](int)
{
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m); // Error: lock_guard constructor calls m.lock()
    ++x;
});

If the implementation cannot parallelize or vectorize (e.g. due to lack of resources), all standard execution policies can fall back to sequential execution.

See also