std::end, std::cend

Returns an iterator to the end (i.e. the element after the last element) of the given range.

Parameters

Return value

Exceptions

Overloads

Custom overloads of end may be provided for classes and enumerations that do not expose a suitable end() member function, yet can be iterated. The following overloads are already provided by the standard library:

Similar to the use of swap (described in Swappable), typical use of the end function in generic context is an equivalent of using std::end; end(arg); , which lets both the ADL

template<typename Container, typename Function>
void for_each(Container&& cont, Function f)
{
    using std::begin;
    auto it = begin(cont);
    using std::end;
    auto end_it = end(cont);
 
    for (; it != end_it; ++it)
        f(*it);
}

Notes

The non-array overloads exactly reflect the behavior of C::end()

std::cend is introduced for unification of member and non-member range accesses. See also LWG issue 2128.

If C is a shallow-const view, std::cend may return a mutable iterator. Such behavior is unexpected for some users. See also P2276 and P2278

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v = {3, 1, 4};
    if (std::find(std::begin(v), std::end(v), 5) != std::end(v))
        std::cout << "Found a 5 in vector v!\n";
 
    int w[] = {5, 10, 15};
    if (std::find(std::begin(w), std::end(w), 5) != std::end(w))
        std::cout << "Found a 5 in array w!\n";
}

Found a 5 in array w!

See also